01 - If using dried beans, rinse thoroughly and soak overnight in plenty of cold water. Drain, then simmer in fresh water for 1 hour until just tender. Drain and set aside.
02 - Set oven temperature to 325°F.
03 - In a large oven-safe Dutch oven or casserole dish, melt butter over medium heat. Add chopped onion and cook for 5 minutes until softened. Incorporate minced garlic and sauté for 1 additional minute.
04 - Stir in molasses, brown sugar, ketchup, Dijon mustard, apple cider vinegar, smoked paprika, salt, and black pepper. Mix thoroughly to combine.
05 - Incorporate cooked or canned beans along with water or vegetable broth. Stir the mixture evenly.
06 - Add chili flakes and/or diced smoked tempeh or vegetarian bacon if desired. Stir to incorporate these optional ingredients.
07 - Cover the dish and bake in the preheated oven for 2 hours, stirring once halfway through. If the sauce thickens excessively, add a splash of water. For a thicker consistency, uncover and bake an additional 30 minutes.
08 - Taste the beans and adjust seasoning as needed. Serve hot as an accompaniment or main dish.