01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with liners or grease lightly.
02 - Combine 1/3 cup sugar with lemon zest and rub together until fragrant; set aside.
03 - Whisk together flour, 1 cup sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a large bowl.
04 - Whisk eggs, buttermilk, melted butter, vanilla extract, lemon zest, and lemon juice in a separate bowl until blended.
05 - Gently fold the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients until just combined; avoid overmixing.
06 - Toss blueberries with 1 tablespoon flour to prevent sinking, then fold into the batter gently.
07 - Divide batter evenly among muffin cups and sprinkle each with the lemon sugar topping.
08 - Bake muffins for 18 to 22 minutes until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean and tops are golden.
09 - Cool muffins in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.